Study Notes for Colleges and Universities

The word advertisement has been derived from the French term “advertir” which means softly “Advertising Age” a well known American journal defines advertisement as the dissemination of information concerning an idea, service or product to compel action in accordance with the intent of the advertiser. The functions of the advertisement are to attract attention; to stimulate interest to rouse desire and to secure action. Advertisement has now been recognised as a potent force for increasing sales. Production without selling is of no use.  It is a liability rather than an asset for business enterprise to produce commodities which have no demand. Hence it is the endeavour of every businessmen to boost the sale of product which he manufactures. In order to achieve this objective businessmen have to evolve various methods of persuading people to have their products reached to them. Advertisement is the art of making yourself and your product known to the world in such a way that...

An intensive debate is raging in the country about revival of democracy. What is missing in this debate is an in depth analysis to identify real reasons because of which democracy did not work in Pakistan . The first essential condition for growth of democracy in any country is acceptance by all the sovereignty of the people. The sovereign people elect representatives from amongst themselves to rule the country with power the ‘sovereign’ delegates to them for a time period. The representatives are required to rule to the fullest satisfaction of people. The people reserve the right to remove those who don’t come up to their expectations in the next general elections no more no less. No one else has a right to dismiss elected delegates. What makes democracy effective is the democratic political process whereby every political party strictly abides by inner party democracy and party elections. The first requirement is democracy at grass root level. The other aspect is the peo...

A thing of beauty is joy for ever is famous line from Keats poem. He tells us that man has great capacity of creating beautiful things. Because of his aesthetic, sense beauty is a constant source of pleasure fro man. He loves to express his sense of beauty in the things to make, not only in the works of art, but also in the things of his daily use like pots and pans. Man loves nature because it appeals to his aesthetic sense, he enjoys it because it corresponds to his dreams of beauty. He creates art so that he may see his golden dreams and ideals in a visible form. No doubt beauty is a source of joy. But since life is process of change and development, the beauty also changes with the passage of time for instance we look at the primitive arts with a sense of curiosity, but perhaps not with the same delight with which the primitive man viewed it. We may discover wistfulness, a longing for a vague sense of mystery in the music of old tribes, but we find much better satisfaction...